By Karyotyping, it is possible to accurately demonstrate the number and structure of chromosomes. Of the 46 chromosomes in the human body two chromosomes determine the sex. In female both of these are X, and in a male it is X and Y.

Changes in the number and structure of chromosomes lead to physical and mental developments in the foetus. By Karyotyping the foetus, this abnormalities can be detected and treatment is advised quite early in the course of pregnancy.