REZUM

The Rezum procedure treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition that causes your prostate to grow, which may block your urethra and cause symptoms that affect your ability to urinate . The procedure uses steam to reduce prostate tissue and relieve symptoms of BPH. Another advantage is preservation of ejaculation is better compared to conventional procedures like TURP. Long -term results are excellent.

What is REZUM Therapy?

Rezum Therapy is a minimally invasive treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition in which the prostate gland becomes enlarged and can cause urinary problems in men. This therapy uses the natural energy stored in water vapor (steam) to shrink excess prostate tissue that is blocking the flow of urine.

Here’s how it works:

• A device delivers small amounts of steam directly into the enlarged prostate tissue.
• The steam condenses and releases energy, which causes the cells in the targeted tissue to die.
• Over time, the body naturally absorbs the treated tissue, allowing the prostate to shrink, which relieves pressure on the urethra and improves urine flow.

Rezum Therapy is generally performed in an outpatient setting, and it typically takes just a few minutes. One of the key benefits is that it avoids the need for more invasive surgeries and can provide relief from BPH symptoms without the complications associated with more traditional treatments. Many patients experience noticeable improvements within a few weeks of the procedure.

It is also worth noting that Rezum is designed to preserve sexual function, making it a preferred option for many men compared to other surgical treatments.

Who is not a good candidate for Rezum?

While Rezum Therapy is an effective and minimally invasive option for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), not all patients are suitable candidates for the procedure. Here are some situations where Rezum may not be the best option:

1. Prostate Cancer Patients: Men diagnosed with or suspected to have prostate cancer are typically not recommended for Rezum Therapy. BPH and prostate cancer are distinct conditions, and treatments differ.
2. Large Prostate Size: Rezum is most effective for men with moderately enlarged prostates, usually between 30 and 80 grams. Men with significantly larger prostates may not experience optimal results and might need other treatment options.
3. Severe Urinary Retention: Men with chronic or severe urinary retention, who are unable to pass urine without a catheter, might not be ideal candidates, as their condition may require a different or more immediate treatment.
4. Patients with Bladder or Urinary Tract Conditions: Men with certain bladder or urinary conditions, such as active urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder stones, or a history of bladder surgery, may not be suited for Rezum until these issues are resolved.
5. Implanted Devices: Men with metal stents, artificial urinary sphincters, or certain types of implanted devices in the pelvic area may not be suitable for Rezum due to possible interference with the procedure.
6. Neurological Conditions: Patients with neurological conditions that affect bladder function, such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis, might require alternative treatments.
7. Severe Symptoms or Advanced BPH: In cases where BPH symptoms are severe or the condition is advanced, more aggressive treatment methods (e.g., surgery) may be necessary.

Before considering Rezum, it’s important for patients to consult with their urologist, who will evaluate their overall health, prostate size, and specific symptoms to determine whether Rezum is the best course of action.

How long does Rezum therapy take?

Rezum Therapy is a quick, minimally invasive procedure that typically takes 10 to 15 minutes to perform. Here’s a general overview of the process:

1. Pre-Procedure Preparation: Before the actual treatment, local anaesthesia or sedation may be used to keep the patient comfortable. This part of the preparation can add a bit of time but is not lengthy.
2. Procedure Time: During the treatment, steam is injected into the prostate tissue for several seconds per injection, with the total number of injections depending on the size and shape of the prostate. On average, the procedure itself takes about 10-15 minutes.
3. Post-Procedure: After the procedure, patients usually remain under observation for a short period before being discharged the same day. Recovery begins immediately, but it may take a few days to a week to resume normal activities.

Procedure Details

1. Preparation
   • Anaesthesia/Sedation: To minimize discomfort, patients may receive local anaesthesia (numbing the area) or light sedation. In some cases, no sedation is required.
   • Positioning: The patient is usually positioned similarly to a cystoscopy procedure, lying on their back with the legs slightly elevated or in a position that allows easy access to the prostate.
2. Cystoscopy and Scope Insertion
   • The urologist uses a thin, flexible cystoscope to enter the urethra and reach the prostate gland. This scope is connected to a small device that delivers controlled water vapour (steam) directly into the enlarged prostate tissue.
   • The doctor carefully examines the urethra and prostate area to ensure proper positioning.
3. Steam Injection (Water Vapour Therapy)
   • Once the cystoscope is in place, the doctor administers a series of injections of sterile water vapour into the prostate tissue. This is the core of Rezum Therapy.
   • Each steam injection lasts about 9 seconds. The steam releases stored thermal energy, which causes the targeted prostate cells to die. Over time, the body reabsorbs the treated tissue.
   • The number of injections depends on the size of the prostate. Typically, it involves 4 to 10 injections, spread across the obstructive areas of the prostate that are compressing the urethra.
4. Completion and Scope Removal
   • Once all the necessary steam injections are completed, the cystoscope is removed.
   • The entire procedure takes about 10-15 minutes to perform.
5. Post-Procedure Care
   • Patients may be fitted with a temporary urinary catheter after the procedure. This catheter helps drain urine while the prostate heals and reduces swelling. The catheter typically stays in place for 2-5 days but may vary based on individual recovery.
   • Patients are typically able to return home the same day.
6. Recovery
   • Immediate Recovery: There might be mild discomfort, swelling, or blood in the urine immediately after the procedure. Some men also experience a temporary increase in urinary symptoms (e.g., frequency, urgency) while the prostate tissue heals.
   • Symptom Improvement: Symptom relief usually begins to occur within 2-6 weeks as the body absorbs the treated tissue, and most men experience noticeable improvements in urinary flow and function during this period.
   • Follow-Up: Patients are generally advised to follow up with their urologist to ensure recovery is progressing smoothly and to remove the catheter (if placed).

Advantages of Rezum Therapy:

• Minimally Invasive: Performed in an outpatient setting with minimal recovery time.
• Sexual Function Preservation: Unlike some other BPH treatments, Rezum is designed to preserve erectile and ejaculatory function.
• No Long-Term Medications: Many patients can avoid lifelong medication for BPH after undergoing Rezum.
• Effective: Provides long-lasting relief from BPH symptoms.

Potential Side Effects:

• Temporary urinary urgency or frequency
• Mild discomfort or burning during urination
• Blood in urine or semen
• Urinary retention in some cases (usually temporary)

Rezum Therapy offers a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgery for BPH, allowing men to return to normal activities relatively quickly while avoiding some of the more significant risks associated with other procedures.

UROLIFT

UroLift is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or an enlarged prostate. Unlike traditional surgery that removes or vaporizes prostate tissue, UroLift works by physically lifting and holding the enlarged prostate tissue away from the urethra to relieve obstruction. This improves urine flow and alleviates BPH symptoms without cutting, heating, or destroying prostate tissue.

How UroLift Works:

1. Device Placement: The urologist inserts a small UroLift delivery device through the urethra using a cystoscope. This allows direct visualization and precise placement of the device.
2. Prostate Lift: Tiny permanent implants, made of stainless steel and nitinol (a flexible alloy), are inserted into the prostate. These implants pull the enlarged prostate tissue apart, widening the urethra and allowing better urine flow.
3. No Tissue Removal: Unlike other procedures like TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) or laser surgery, UroLift doesn’t cut or remove any prostate tissue. The implants act like curtain tiebacks, pinning back the lobes of the prostate and holding them in place to relieve the blockage.
4. Outpatient Procedure: UroLift is usually performed as an outpatient procedure, meaning the patient can go home the same day. It typically takes less than an hour to perform.

Who is UroLift For?

UroLift is an option for men with moderate to severe BPH who:

• Have an enlarged prostate (typically under 100 grams).
• Want to avoid major surgery.
• Do not want to take long-term BPH medications.
• Wish to preserve sexual function (UroLift has a low risk of sexual side effects compared to other BPH treatments).

UroLift is not ideal for men with extremely large prostates or those with complications like bladder stones or significant urinary retention.

Benefits of UroLift:

• Minimally Invasive: No cutting, heating, or tissue removal.
• Quick Recovery: Most patients can return to normal activities within a few days.
• Symptom Relief: Many patients experience symptom relief within a few weeks.
• Preserves Sexual Function: UroLift is designed to avoid damage to sexual function, which is a concern with some other treatments like TURP.

Potential Side Effects:

• Mild discomfort during urination.
• Temporary symptoms such as blood in urine, pain during urination, or increased urgency/frequency.
• Most side effects are mild and resolve within a few weeks.

Long-Term Outcomes:

UroLift provides lasting relief for many men with BPH, offering a minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgical options like TURP. It improves both urinary symptoms and quality of life, with many patients reporting significant improvement in urinary flow and a reduction in bothersome symptoms. It’s an excellent option for men seeking a quick, minimally invasive solution with minimal downtime and preservation of sexual function. PLASMA TURP Transurethral Resection of the Prostate using Plasma Energy is a modern, minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or an enlarged prostate. The procedure is a variation of the traditional TURP, which involves the removal of excess prostate tissue to relieve urinary symptoms. In PLASMA TURP, bipolar technology is used with saline irrigation, allowing safer, more effective tissue removal with reduced risks.

How PLASMA TURP Works:

1. Bipolar Electrode: The surgeon uses a specialized instrument called a resectoscope, which is inserted into the urethra (no external incisions). A loop electrode delivers bipolar plasma energy to cut and vaporize the enlarged prostate tissue. This is different from traditional TURP, which uses monopolar energy.
2. Saline Irrigation: One of the significant improvements of PLASMA TURP is the use of saline (saltwater) solution for irrigation during the procedure, which is safer than the glycine solution used in monopolar TURP. Saline is non-conductive and reduces the risk of fluid absorption complications, such as TURP syndrome (a rare but serious condition).
3. Tissue Removal: The excess prostate tissue causing the blockage is carefully resected and vaporized by the plasma energy. The pieces of prostate tissue are flushed out through the urethra and sent for analysis.
4. Catheterization: After the procedure, a temporary catheter is placed in the bladder to allow urine to drain while the prostate heals. This catheter is usually removed within a day or two.

Key Benefits of PLASMA TURP:

• Bipolar Technology: Uses bipolar energy instead of monopolar, which makes the procedure safer and reduces complications like TURP syndrome.
• Saline Solution: The use of saline for irrigation helps prevent fluid absorption issues.
• Effective for Large Prostates: PLASMA TURP is highly effective even for larger prostates, making it a versatile option for men with more advanced BPH.
• Improved Visualization: The bipolar system reduces bleeding, which gives the surgeon better visibility during the procedure, leading to more precise tissue removal.
• Symptom Relief: The procedure provides immediate and significant relief of BPH symptoms, such as urinary frequency, urgency, weak stream, and incomplete bladder emptying.

Recovery Process:

• Hospital Stay: Most patients stay in the hospital for 1-2 days after the procedure.
• Catheter Removal: The catheter is usually removed within 24-48 hours after surgery.
• Recovery Time: Most men can resume normal activities in 2-3 weeks, though full recovery may take a bit longer depending on individual factors.
• Symptom Relief: Most men experience rapid improvement in urinary symptoms within days to weeks after the procedure.

Risks and Side Effects:

While PLASMA TURP is safer than traditional monopolar TURP, there are still some potential risks, including:

• Bleeding: Some mild bleeding is common after the procedure but usually resolves on its own.
• Urinary Incontinence: Temporary or rare long-term issues with bladder control can occur.
• Retrograde Ejaculation: This is a common side effect where semen enters the bladder instead of exiting through the penis during ejaculation. It is generally not harmful but can affect fertility.
• Infection: As with any surgery, there is a risk of urinary tract infections or other infections, though these are rare.
• Temporary Urinary Symptoms: Some men may experience temporary burning, urgency, or frequent urination during recovery.

Advantages of PLASMA TURP Over Traditional TURP:

• Reduced Risk of TURP Syndrome: Bipolar technology with saline irrigation significantly reduces the risk of this rare but serious complication.
• Better Control of Bleeding: Bipolar energy allows for better hemostasis, leading to reduced blood loss.
• Faster Recovery: PLASMA TURP tends to have a quicker recovery period with fewer complications compared to traditional TURP.

Ideal Candidates for PLASMA TURP:

• Men with moderate to severe BPH symptoms.
• Patients who have failed or do not want to take long-term medication for BPH.
• Men with large prostate sizes that may not be suited for other minimally invasive treatments like UroLift or Rezūm.

Overall, PLASMA TURP is a highly effective and modernized treatment for men with enlarged prostates, offering safer and more precise outcomes with faster recovery compared to the traditional TURP procedure.

Medical treatment of Male infertility

The treatment of male infertility depends on the underlying causes and can range from lifestyle changes and medications to surgical interventions. It’s important for individuals experiencing male infertility to consult with a healthcare provider or a reproductive specialist to determine the specific cause of their infertility and develop a personalized treatment plan. Here are some common approaches to treating male infertility:

1. 1. • Lifestyle Changes:
        • Maintain a healthy weight: Being overweight or underweight can affect sperm production and quality. Achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight can improve fertility.
        • Avoid smoking and recreational drugs: Smoking and drug use can negatively impact sperm production and quality.
        • Limit alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption can impair fertility.
      • Medications:
        • Hormone therapy: If hormonal imbalances are causing infertility, hormone replacement therapy may be prescribed to restore proper hormone levels.
        • Antibiotics: In cases of infections that affect sperm production or sperm motility, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat the infection.
      • Surgery:
        • Varicocele repair: A varicocele is a swelling of the veins that drain the testicle. Surgical repair can improve sperm production and quality.
        • Vasectomy reversal: If a man has previously undergone a vasectomy and now wishes to have it reversed, a surgical procedure known as vasectomy reversal can be performed to reconnect the vas deferens.
        • Epididymal or testicular sperm extraction (TESE): In cases where there is an obstruction preventing the release of sperm, sperm can be directly extracted from the epididymis or testicle for use in assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
      • Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART):
        • Intrauterine insemination (IUI): Sperm can be processed and directly placed into the woman’s uterus to increase the chances of fertilization.
        • In vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): These techniques involve the retrieval of sperm and eggs, fertilizing the eggs in a laboratory, and transferring the resulting embryos into the woman’s uterus.
      • Sperm Donor:
        • In cases where the male partner’s sperm quality or production cannot be improved, using donor sperm is an option for achieving pregnancy.
      • Psychological Support:
        • Coping with infertility can be emotionally challenging. Many couples benefit from counseling or support groups to help manage the emotional aspects of infertility and make informed decisions about treatment.

Varicocele Surgery (high magnification)

Varicocele surgery, also known as varicocelectomy, is a surgical procedure performed to treat a varicocele. A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum, similar to varicose veins that occur in the legs. Varicoceles are most common on the left side of the scrotum but can occur on the right side or bilaterally (both sides).

High-magnification techniques may be used in varicocele surgery to ensure precision and accuracy during the procedure. This can help minimize the risk of damage to surrounding structures and improve the overall success of the surgery.

It’s important to note that while varicocele surgery is generally safe and effective, like any surgical procedure, it carries some risks and potential complications. Patients should discuss the procedure, its potential benefits, and any concerns with their healthcare provider before deciding on surgery.

Phimosis (Stapler circumcision )

Phimosis is a medical condition in which the foreskin of the penis is too tight and cannot be retracted over the head of the penis. This condition can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developed later in life). It can cause discomfort, pain, and difficulty with hygiene and sexual activity.

One treatment option for phimosis is circumcision, a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the foreskin. There are different techniques for performing circumcisions, including the use of a surgical stapler, which is sometimes referred to as “stapler circumcision” or “circumcision with a stapler.”

The stapler circumcision technique typically involves using a medical stapler to cut and remove the foreskin and then close the wound with staples. This method is considered by some to be faster and potentially less painful than traditional circumcision methods that use a scalpel.

Sperm Retrieval Techniques : TESA, PESA , Micro TESE

Sperm retrieval techniques are medical procedures used to collect sperm from men who have difficulty ejaculating sperm or have obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia (a condition in which there is no sperm in the ejaculate). These techniques are typically used in the context of assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Here are three common sperm retrieval techniques:

• TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration):
  • TESA is a minimally invasive procedure performed in an outpatient setting.
  • Local anesthesia is used to numb the scrotum.
  • A fine needle is inserted into the testicle, and a small amount of tissue or fluid is aspirated (suctioned) from the testicle.
  • The retrieved material is examined under a microscope to find and collect viable sperm
• PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration):
  • PESA is another minimally invasive procedure performed in an outpatient setting.
  • Local anesthesia is applied to the scrotum.
  • A thin needle is inserted through the scrotal skin and into the epididymis (the tube where sperm mature and are stored).
  • Fluid is aspirated from the epididymis and examined for sperm
• Micro TESE (Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction):
  • Micro TESE is a more complex and invasive procedure compared to TESA and PESA.
  • It is typically performed under general anesthesia in a surgical setting.
  • A small incision is made in the scrotum, and the testicle is exposed.
  • Using a high-powered surgical microscope, the surgeon carefully examines the testicular tissue to identify areas where sperm may be present.
  • These small areas are then dissected and the tissue is examined for the presence of sperm.
  • Micro TESE is considered the most effective technique for retrieving sperm in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia, where sperm production is impaired.

The choice of which sperm retrieval technique to use depends on the individual’s specific medical condition and the availability of specialized equipment and expertise at the fertility clinic.

Testicular Biopsy

A testicular biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from one or both testicles for diagnostic purposes. This procedure is typically performed to investigate fertility issues, hormone imbalances, or to diagnose conditions affecting the testicles

Procedure:

• Needle Biopsy: Local anesthesia is usually used to numb the area. A needle is then inserted into the testicle to obtain a tissue sample.
• Open Biopsy: This is done under local or general anesthesia. An incision is made in the scrotum, and a small piece of the testicular tissue is removed for examination.

Vasectomy

Vasectomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting or blocking the vas deferens, which are the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra. This procedure is intended to provide permanent contraception for men, as it prevents sperm from being ejaculated during sexual intercourse. It is considered one of the most effective forms of birth control.

Vaso-vasal Anastamosis

Vaso-vasal anastomosis, also known as a vasovasostomy, is a surgical procedure performed to reverse a vasectomy. A vasectomy is a surgical procedure in which the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra, are cut or blocked to prevent the release of sperm during ejaculation. This is done as a form of permanent contraception.

However, some men who have undergone a vasectomy may later decide that they want to father children again. In such cases, a vasovasostomy can be performed to reconnect the vas deferens, allowing sperm to once again travel from the testicles to the urethra during ejaculation. This procedure is essentially a reversal of the vasectomy.

This procedure is typically considered when other options for fertility, such as sperm retrieval and in vitro fertilization, are not suitable or desired

Sexual dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction refers to a broad range of difficulties that can occur at any stage of the sexual response cycle and prevent a person from experiencing sexual satisfaction. These difficulties can affect both men and women and can have physical, psychological, or interpersonal causes. Common types of sexual dysfunction include: Erectile Dysfunction (ED),Premature Ejaculation (PE), Delayed Ejaculation, Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD),Female Sexual Dysfunction, Anorgasmia, Sexual Pain Disorders & Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity-related Concerns

Penile Prosthesis

A penile prosthesis is a medical device surgically implanted into the penis to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence when other treatments, such as medication or vacuum erection devices, have failed to produce satisfactory results. This device allows men to achieve an erection and engage in sexual activity.

There are two main types of penile prostheses:

• Inflatable Penile Prosthesis (IPP): This type of prosthesis consists of two flexible cylinders placed within the penis, a fluid reservoir implanted in the abdomen, and a pump (usually located in the scrotum). To achieve an erection, the user squeezes the pump, which transfers fluid from the reservoir into the cylinders, causing them to inflate and create an erection. After sexual activity, the fluid is returned to the reservoir, deflating the cylinders.
• Semi-Rigid or Malleable Penile Prosthesis: This type of prosthesis consists of two bendable rods that are surgically implanted into the penis. The rods are always semi-rigid, allowing the penis to be bent downward for concealment and then manually straightened when an erection is desired.
• Penile prostheses are typically considered when other treatments for ED, such as medications (like Viagra or Cialis) or vacuum erection devices, are ineffective or not well-tolerated. It’s essential to note that penile prostheses are a last resort and are usually only recommended after a thorough evaluation by a urologist or a specialist in sexual medicine. They are irreversible and come with risks and potential complications, including infection, mechanical failure, or erosion, although modern prostheses are designed to minimize these risks. Patients who receive a penile prosthesis often undergo counseling to discuss expectations, usage, and the potential impact on sexual function. The surgery is typically performed under anesthesia and involves a hospital stay of one to two days. After the procedure, patients may experience some pain, swelling, or discomfort, which usually subsides over time.

Procedures Stress Urinary Incontinence -TOT

Transobturator tape (TOT) is a surgical procedure used to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. SUI is a condition in which urine leaks out during activities that put pressure on the bladder, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising. TOT is one of several surgical options available to address this issue.

• Surgical Procedure:
  • The surgeon makes small incisions in the groin area on both sides.
  • A special surgical mesh tape is inserted through the incisions and placed under the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
  • The mesh tape is positioned in a way that supports the urethra and helps prevent urine leakage during moments of increased abdominal pressure.
  • The surgeon adjusts the tension of the tape to achieve the desired level of support without causing over-tightening.
• After the mesh tape is in place and adjusted, the incisions are closed with sutures or adhesive strips. No visible sutures are typically left on the skin’s surface

Female overactive bladder and UTI management

Managing overactive bladder (OAB) and preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in females involves a combination of lifestyle changes, behavioral strategies, medications, and sometimes medical procedures.

For preventing UTIs:

• Hygiene: Maintain good personal hygiene, wiping from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from the anus reaching the urethra.
• Empty Your Bladder Regularly: Don’t hold urine for extended periods. Empty your bladder before and after sexual intercourse.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
• Cranberry Products: Some women find that cranberry juice or supplements can help prevent UTIs by inhibiting bacteria from adhering to the bladder walls. However, consult your healthcare provider before using cranberry products, especially if you are taking blood-thinning medications.
• Probiotics: Some research suggests that certain probiotics may help maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the urinary tract.
• Antibiotics: If you have recurrent UTIs, your healthcare provider may prescribe a low-dose antibiotic as a preventive measure.

Paediatric urology

Pediatric urology is a subspecialty of urology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of urological conditions in infants, children, and adolescents. Urology is the branch of medicine that deals with the urinary tract system and male reproductive system, and pediatric urologists specialize in these areas as they pertain to pediatric patients

If your child has a urological issue or is in need of specialized care in this field, it’s essential to consult with a pediatric urologist, as they have the expertise and experience to provide the best care for pediatric urological conditions. They can work with you and your child to develop a treatment plan that meets their specific needs and helps them lead a healthy and comfortable life.

Cystocele repair

Cystocele repair, also known as anterior colporrhaphy or cystocele surgery, is a medical procedure used to treat a cystocele. A cystocele is a condition where the wall of the bladder sags into the vaginal space, often causing discomfort, urinary incontinence, and other pelvic floor symptoms. This condition is common, especially in women who have given birth multiple times or experienced significant strain on their pelvic floor

Flexible digital cystoscopy

Flexible digital cystoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of a flexible cystoscope equipped with digital imaging technology to examine the inside of the urinary bladder and urethra. It is often performed by urologists or other qualified healthcare professionals and is used for diagnostic and sometimes therapeutic purposes.

DOCTORS

Dr. JITHUNATH M R	Dr.  ARJUNLAL T S	DR. ANOOP K SANKAR	MR. ANISH PUSHKARAN

MCh Genitourinary surgery .	DM Nephrology.	Mch Genitourinary surgery.	MCh Genitourinary surgery.
Lead Endourology & Andrology Consultant.	Lead Nephrologist.	Lead Laparoscopic Urology consultant.	Academic Urology Consultant.
			Luton and Dunstable university hospital NHS trust UK.

 

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